![]() Parallels of latitude are imaginary reference lines that form complete circles around the earth parallel to the equator and parallel to each other. To calculate the angle, draw a line from the point to the center of the earth and a line from the equator to the center of the earth (Fig. Latitude is determined by the angle between a point on the earth’s surface and the equator. The equator is at 0°, and both of the earth’s poles are at 90° from the equator. The angle between the radius lines drawn from the equator and from the north pole (or south pole) forms a right angle, which is 90°. A radius is a line drawn from the edge of a circle to its center. If the earth was cut in half, this imaginary point would be intersected by a line drawn from the North Pole to the South Pole and by a line drawn from the equator on one side of the earth to the equator on the other (Fig. Degrees of latitude are measured from an imaginary point at the center of the earth. Latitude is measured in degrees (°)-from 0˚ to 90˚-north or south of the equator. Movement toward the South Pole is southerly in direction. Movement toward the North Pole is northerly in direction. (The prefix hemi- means "half" thus, hemisphere means "half-sphere.") The poles determine north and south directions. The half of the earth to the north of the equator is the northern hemisphere the half to the south is the southern hemisphere (Fig. The equatoris the imaginary primary reference line drawn around the earth halfway between the north and south poles. ![]() The north and south poles are the two imaginary points where the axis would enter and exit from the earth if the axis were a pole or a line (see Fig.
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